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Chapter 14 - Ecology I: Individuals and Populations

1. For an aquatic animal, the amount of oxygen dissolved in the water may determine where the

animal can live. For this animal, dissolved oxygen is a/an ______.

a. tolerance factor

b. acclimator

c. limiting factor

d. optimum factor

2. For an aquatic animal, the range of values for dissolved oxygen that will support life is called

the ______.

a. range of optimum.

b. tolerance range.

c. existence range

d. home range

3. All of the following contribute to the energy budget of an animal EXCEPT one. Select the

exception.

a. existence energy--the energy it takes to survive

b. resistance energy--the energy it takes to resist change in the environment

c. productive energy--the energy it takes to grow and reproduce

d. excretory energy--the energy lost through feces and excretion

4. Human populations in developed countries display type ______ survivorship curves.

a. I

b. II

c. III

d. IV

5. Which of the following sequences illustrate exponential growth?

a. 2--->4--->6--->8

b. 2--->3--->4--->5

c. 2--->4--->8-- ->16

d. 2--->4--->10--->25

6. Evolution in which each of two species exerts a strong influence on the other species is called

______.

a. contingency

b. parallel evolution

c. coevolution

d. convergent evolution

7. A symbiotic relationship in which one member of a relationship benefits and the second

member is neither helped nor harmed is ______.

a. mutualism

b. commensalism

c. parasitism

d. predation.

8. The population size a particular environment can support is called the environment's ______.

a. environmental resistance

b. population structure

c. biotic potential

d. carrying capacity

9. Which of the following is an example of aposematic coloration?

a. one butterfly species resembling another distasteful species

b. the stripes on a zebra

c. the stripes on a tiger

d. the contrasting color pattern of a skunk

10. When two organisms live in close association and both organisms benefit from the

association, the relationship is called ______.

a. mutualism

b. parasitism

c . commensalism

d. mimicry

16. Change in the tolerance range of an animal for some environmental factor is called

acclimation.

True

False

17. Aestivation is a time of decreased metabolism and lowered body temperature in daily activity

cycles.

True

False

18. Hibernation is a time of decreased metabolism and lowered body temperatures that may last

for weeks or months and occurs in mammals such as rodents, bats, and bears.

True

False

19. Factors that influence animal populations in a density-dependent fashion include competition

for resources, disease, predation, and parasitism.

True

False

20. Populations of animals with little parental care of young, short life spans, large numbers of

offspring, and uncrowded living conditions are usually K-selected populations.

True

False

21. The competitive exclusion principle states that two species with exactly the same

requirements for food habitat, nest sites, and other conditions of life cannot coexist.

True

False

22. A type of camouflage that occurs when an animal takes on the color patterns in its

environment to blend in with the surroundings is called countershading.

True

False

23. A host that harbors the adult stage of a parasite  is called the definitive ho

Chapter 15 - Ecology II: Communities and Ecosystems

1. All populations living in an area make up a/an ______.

a. community

b. ecosystem

c. habitat

d. niche

2. A community and its physical surroundings make up a/an ______.

a. biome

b. ecosystem

c. habitat

d. niche

3. The dominant members of a community often change the community in predictable ways in a

process called ______.

a. spatial structuring

b. temporal structuring

c. dispersal

d. succession

4. The final community in a sere is c alled the ______.

True

False

a. ecological variation

b. ecosystem strength

c. biodiversity

d. ecosystem wealth

15. Biological magnification refers to the ______.

a. diversity of plants and animals in an ecosystem

b. increase in energy present in higher trophic levels in an ecosystem.

c. increase in numbers of animals at higher trophic levels in an ecosystem.

d. concentration of matter in tissues of animals at higher trophic levels in an

ecosystem.

16. The removal of a keystone species in an ecosystem could cause the death of many dependent

species.

True

False

17. Pioneer communities are nutrient rich and usually support high species diversity.

True

False

18. In the carbon cycle, respiration returns carbon to its reservoir in the atmosphere.

True

False

19. The tundra is a biome characterized by cool summers, cold winters, short growing seasons,

and moderate precipitation. Plants characteristic of the tundra include spruce, fir, and pine trees.

Animals characteristic of the tundra include snowshoe hairs, wolves, caribou, and moose.

True

False

20. Chaparral is a relatively dry biome. Plants are low and shrubby, and have tough waxy leaves.

Animals include insects, rodents, rabbits, lizards, and mule deer. Fire is  an important regulator of