Biology notes | Keywords of biology | Biology mcqs

 🐾🐾🐾.Quick Biology Review for ETEA + NUMS students

#Biology_cramming_points

THESE POINTS NEED A STRONG CRAMMING.

1- Cutin is a lipid.it is not a protein. 

2- Sucrose is a non-reducing sugar. 

3- Isoprenoids are monomers of carotenoids,steroids and terpenes. 

4- ATP,RuBP,NADP all have ribose sugar in them 

5- Most enzymes work at slightly Alkaline pH. 

6- With each cardiac output Kidney receives 10%.{both Kidneys receives 20 %} 

7- In a molecule of DNA nucleotides are linked both vertically and horizontly. 

8- Tetroses are least abundant carbohydrates in nature.

9- Charged pores in a cell membrane are formed by Channel proteins. 4 

10- Cytokinesis is the division of CELL after the division of cytoplasm.It is not the division of cytoplasm. 

11- Bacterial chromosome has DNA only,nothing else.

12-NOSTOC lacks mitochondria and hence it is not present. 

13- Chromosome condensation is at PEAK in METAPHASE phase. 

14- All those sugars ending in ''ulose'' are KETO SUGARS { exceptions are Fructose and Dihydroxyacetone},these are also keto. 

15- Agar,Pectin,Starch do not contain NITROGEN in them. 

16- CHITIN has NITROGEN in it. 

17- Alkaloids { Nicotine,Daturine,Atropine } are frequently present in SOLANACEA family. 

18- Acoelomates,Psuedocoelomates,Coelomates ALL have MESODERM in them. 

19-CAPSID of Polio Virus is SPHERICAL in shape. 

20- ENDOSPORES are formed during DECLINE phase. 

21-Spores are formed during ASEXUAL reproduction in Rhizopus. 

22-Most superficial infections are caused by Duetromycetes fungi. 

23-RED ALGAE also help in Coral formation. 

24-Secondary host of Liverfluke is SNAIL. 

25-TRANSDUCED bacteria has three types of DNA in it.{of itself,of other bacteria and of Virus } 

26-RHIZOPUS is Aseptate and Multinucleate. 

27-Bacteriophage is always DNA,it cannot have RNA. 5 

28-First organ system ever developed in evolution after formation of Mesoderm is neither Digestive,nor Nervous but it is EXCRETORY system by PLATYHELMENTHES. 

29-HYDRA has no specialized muscle cells because it lacks MESODERM. 

30-Triploblastic animals with radial symmetry are not coelenterates,Arthropoda,chordates. 

31-Mesoderm has originated from cell extensions of ectoderm and endoderm. 

32-In most of the animals around us OPEN TYPE blood circulation is present. 

33-Longest part of Digestive system is ILEUM.

34-innermost layer of digestive systems is MUCOSA. 

35- Pancreas is involved in Chemical digestion of LIPIDS. 

36-Mucous is made of Glycoprotein. 

37-Trypsinogen is activated by Enterokinase enzyme. 

38-Ciliated Epithelial cells are present in TRACHEA. 

39-Respiratory surface is 2-cell thick. 

40-CO,carbon monoxide has highest affinity for Haemoglobin- 

41-Ptaylin works on the food when it passes through oesophagus. 

42- one fatty acid doesnot combine withanother fattyacid and hence no linkage is present in two fatty acids. 

43-An oxygen molecule in an alveolar space crosses 5 membranes till it reaches our red blood cells. 6 

44- Haemoglobin can carry both CO and CO2, 02 and CO2 simultaneously. 

45- 

Pappilary muscles are extensions of Endocardium. 

46-In case of fungal infections Eosinophils increases in numbers. 

47-Lymph flow requires a strong pumping by blood. 

48-Mitral valve is also known as Bicuspid valve. 

49-Urinogenital tract is also known as Urethra.

50-Maximum reabsorption of water takes place in Proximal Convoluted Tubule. 

51-Covering of Kidneys is Fibrous capsule. 

52-Kidney interstitium is related to Aldosterone for more concentration. 

53-Hepatic Vein has maximum amount of Urea. 

54-Antibodies are transferred from mother to both foetus and Neonate. 

55-Interferon are the antibiotics produced against viral attack. 

56-Maturation of sperms take place in Epididymus. 

57-Thickest layer of female reproductive tract is Myometrium. 

58-First polar body is present alongwith secondry oocyte. 

59-Thickest endometrium is present just before Menstruation. 

60-Bulbouretheral gland performes the function of neutralization of urine and lubrication. 7 

61-Testosterone is secreted in human male before birth. 

62-Ovulation relates to the release of secondary oocyte. 

63-Olecranium process is the process involved in locking Ulna and Elbow joint. 

64-Smooth muscles first time appeared in Phylum Platyhelmenthes. 

65-Digestion is not controlled by Cerebrum. 

66-Medulla connects brain with spinal cord. 

67-Adrenaline and nor-adrenaline are synergistic. 

68-Veinous blood contains hormones. 

69-Posterior lobe of Pituitary secretes ADH,secretes Oxytocin but doesnot synthesize any hormone. 

70-Adrenaline dilates the pupil and ATROPINE also has the same function. 

71-Sense organs like ears,eyes and nose are controlled directly by forebrain. 

72-Neuroglial cells are actually SCHWANN cells . 

73-T-1 referes to producers,T-2 referes to primary consumers,T-3 refers to secondary consumers and T-4 refers to tertiary consumers. 

74-Mycorhiza is an association between plant growing in Acidic soil. 

75-Leaves are eaten by caterpillars and caterpillars are eaten by black birds. 

76-Grasses are resistant to grazing due to underground stem. 

77-Pesticide kills both insects and weeds. 8 

78-Stability in system is related to Food Web,more complex the web,the more is stability of the system. 

79-Symbiosis most correctly refers to living together of two organisms. 

80-Herbivores are reffered to as Primary Consumers and hence possess maximum amount of energy. 

81-A car parked in sunlight and its temperature is higher than outside.It is an example of Green house effect phenomenon. 

82-10% energy flows from one level to another rof the total amount of energy. 

83-Relation between T2 and T1 is GRAZING. 

84-relation between T2 and T3 is called Predation. 

85-Green house gases are CO2 and CFCs. 

86-Food web is benefical with more number of chains in it. 

87-Parasitism,Commensalism and Mutualism can be present between the same species. 

88-Retrovirus is used for Gene Therapy. 

89-20 RNA nucleotides in the primer of PCR. 

90-Male and female has more number of genes and more number of alleles respectively. 

91-Autosomal disease include colourblindness and haemophilia. 

92-Bombay disease refers to lack of an attacement factor. 

93-50% RBC make composition of blood. 

94-Community is a biotic factor of the ecosystem. 9 

95-Golgi apparatus is absent in Blue green algae which is a prokaryote. 

96-Asperigillus is an example of Brown mold. 

97-Atropine and Adrenaline are synergistic. 

98-Enterobius Vermicularis is present in Large intestine. 

99-Primase plays the role of first logical step in the process of DNA replication. 

100-During replication nucleotides used are triphosphates. 

101-Golgi vesicles forming golgi apparatus probably bud off from Smooth endoplasmic reticulum. 

102-Hollow peristaltic contractions are called Hungerpangs. 

103-Glycerol is absorbed in VILLI. 

104-Carbonic acid is formed redblood cells. 

105-Semilunar valves are present in heart,blood vessels and lymph vessels. 

106-Granulocytes are polymorphonuclear in nature. 

107-Lithotripsy removes all types of stones present in gall bladder,urinar bladder and Kidney. 

108-Eosinophil and Basophil are antagonistic to each other. 

109-Fibrinogen,Thrombocytes and Basophills all are involved in clotting of blood directly or indirectly. 

110-Basophills release Heparin. 

111-Urine is formed in Distal convoluted tubule. 10 

112-CO is neutral in nature. 

113-Single molecule of Haemoglobin has 4 iron groups in it. 

114-Hip and shoulder joint are synovial joints. 

115-Hormones are always released in Veinous blood. 

116-Unmarried lady has more number of degenerated Corpus Luteum . 

117-Ligaments differ from tendons in having Elastin. 

118-Fermentation occurs in cytosole and Mitochondria. 

119-Plasmid gene transfer are used for bacteria only. 

120-DNA ligase not required for PCR. 

121-Antigen of donor reacts with antibody of reciepient. 

122-Hydrogen bonds are more sensitive as compared to other bonds 

123-Chlorophyll a is common in antenna complex and reaction centre of photosynthesis. 

124-Evolution operates upon population. 

125-Product of evolution is the origion of a new species. 

126-Pilli are made up of PILLIN protein. 

127-Wheat grain is seed as well as fruit. 

128-Structural unit Reflex action is Neuron. 

129-Nerve Tracts are part of Central Nervous Ssystem. 

130-Secretion of Histamine by Basophills is sometimes related with use of Penicillin. 11 

131-Carotid Labyrinth is a swallowing at the base of carotid artery and its function is to maintain the pressure of blood. 

132-Most common form of glucose is in Ring form. 

133-In prokaryotes the transcription takes place in nucleoid. 

134-Leaves of Bamboo are used to cure the Horses. 

135-Antibodies are present in blood  lymph and interstitial fluid. 

136-Retrovirus are not used in genetic engineering in bacteria. 

137-Aristotle first discussed evolution